++++++++++++++++++++++++Popular link+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ The Rarest story of 29 year- struggle of strong-minded Ajay Sharma for generalization of 2265 years old Archimedes principle, Einstein's E=mc2 & Newton's Laws, is complete. 140 pp. script ( dialogue form) may be available here. Title 'One and Only One' For sample chapters : Contact E-mail ajay.pqr@gmail.com
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Recent / forthcoming Conferences Ajay Sharma has been invited 80 international conferences/workshops/symposia. Ajay Sharma has presented papers in Conferences in USA , UK etc. on the topic
21st Midwest Relativity Meeting, University of Illinois USA, November, 4-5, 2011 10th international Conference on gravitation, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Univ. of Quy Nhon, December 17-22 , 2011
5th International Conference of IMBIC on "Mathematical Sciences for Advancement of Science and Technology" (MSAST 2010) Kolkata , Dec. 18-20, 2011 3rd Galileo-Xu Guangqi Meeting,Beijing China 15-11 October 2011 27th Pacific Coast Gravity Meeting ,California Institute of Technology,USA 18-22 March 2011 Nuclear and Particle Physics Divisional Conference, Organised byInstitute of Physics, England 4 - 7 April 2011, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, International Conference in Theoretical Physics, Moscow State Open University, Moscow20 June - 24 June2011 8th Russbach Workshop on Nuclear Astrophysics, Russ Bach am Pass Gschutt Dachstein West, AustriaMarch 13-19, 2011 98th Indian Science Congress, SRM University Chennai, INDIA, 3-7Jan. 2011 4th International Conference of IMBIC on "Mathematical Sciences for Advancement of Science and Technology" (MSAST 2010) Kolkata , Dec. 19-21, 2010 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Measurement of g ( acceleration due to gravity) by method of variation in pressure and Comparison with Newton’s 326 years old Method. link for complete paper http://www.wbabin.net/files/4593_sharma22.pdf
Scientific Opinions : (i) American Association of Physics Teachers , USA in report dated 30th June has asked for experimental observations. (ii) Prof. Grae Worster, Editor Journal of Mechanics, University of Cambridge England , has commented that to establish this method for measurement of g , senstive experimental demonstrations are required. THUS ORIGINALITY OF METHOD IS APPROVED. Such simple experiments are not conducted in any part of world yet , new results are expected. P = Dg H or gh =P/DH P: atmospheric pressure, D is Density of liquid , H height of liquid column. P and H vary as we move up in atmosphere, thus gh must DECREASE. According to Newton’s method gh = g / (1+h/R)2 gh also varies as we move upwards. Both the equation i.e. gh =P/DH and gh = g / (1+h/R)2 must give same results. This first CRITICAL METHOD for measurement of g. If both values did not agree then it would be biggest disagreement in science. Conduct experiments and see results. WATER BAROMETER equivalent to Torricelli’s Mercury Barometer
These experiments will affect teaching at 10th and 12th classes all over the world Italian scientist E Torricelli in 1644 made Mercury Barometer. Height of mercury column in Mercury Barometer = 76cm (1) In 1685 , Newton defined Law of Gravitation ,thusP = DgHwas derived and P was calculated. P=DhH = Density of mercury x acceleration due to acceleration due to gravity x 0.76 =13,600kg/m3 x9.8m/s2x0.76m = 1.103x105 Pascal (2)
now WATER BAROMETER (never constructed for scientific measurements in world) Approved by various scientific bodies , including American Association of Physics Teachers,USA The formation of WATER BAROMETER , required a glass tube nearly of height 40 feet and water. Height of water column in barometer= H(water) =P/Dg = 1.103x105 Pascal /1000kg/m3 x 9.8 kg/s2=10.33m (3) American Association of Physics Teacher,USA has suggested that sample EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS must be taken for various LIQUIDS and tubes of various DIAMETERS. Thus originality of experiments is approved.
Generalization of2265 years old Archimedes Principle http://www.wbabin.net/files/4471_sharma21.pdf (i) According to 2265 years old Archimedes principle, when a body is immersed in fluid (water) , it is pushed upward and its weight decrease
. Decrease in weight of body =Upthrust =weight of water displaced by body.
(ii) Newton defined Law of Gravitation in 1685, and defined g . Thus mathematical equations on Archimedes Principle became possible after 1935 (250+1685) years U = VDg(4) Now the principle is being tested in view of eq.(4), after 1935 years of its enunciation.
(iii)Prediction of INDETERMINATE FORM OF VOLUME (V=0/0=500cc)
When a balloon floats completely submerged in water of density Dw, (under feasible conditions) then its volume is V =(m-vDw)/(Dw-Dm)(5)
V = Volume of balloon including sheath and external masses , may be 2345cc m : mass attached to balloon plus mass of sheath. v: volume ofmass attached to balloon plus volume of sheath. Dw density of water, Dm : density of medium filled in balloon. Now the condition Dm=Dw,
V = (vDw -vDw)/(Dw-Dw)= 0/0 which is meaningless prediction from2265 years old Archimedes principle.
Remedy or solution: Generalize 2265 years old Archimedes principle. U VDgorU =fVDg(6) f is co-efficient of proportionality, like numerous in existing physics.
Now INDETERMINATE FORM of volume is NOT obtained. Now equation for volume becomes, V = (m-fvDw)/(fDw-Dm) = (f-1)Dw V /(f-1)Dw =V(7)
Hence, exact volume V (2345cc) is obtained. This paper is in press.
(iv) Effect of SHAPE OFfloating body and CO-EFFICIENT OF VISCOSITY of liquid is not accounted for by original form of ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE.
Consider a balloon is left from the bottom of tank of water. It rises upward. If external weight (mass) is attached to it, it rises upward slowly. A stage comes when weight is so attached, then balloon starts floating in water. The mass is given by m= f (V+v) Dw -VDm(8)
There is no term in eq.(8)which accounts for (a) SHAPE offloating body. (b) CO-EFFICIENT OF VISCOSITY of fluid.
These factors can be taken in account by co-efficient of viscosity, f.
Experimental support: In first stage observations, the mass which balloon supported as in eq.( 5 ) is found to depend upon SHAPE OF BALLOON. For example if umbrella shaped balloon of volume supported 560 gm , then long pipe shaped balloonof same volume supported 510 gm.
Erstwhile Editor of Nature , Dr David Lindley has askedfor sensitive experiments. Also while recommending the paper for publication, Dr Prasad Khastgir, commented in the similar way.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Generalization of Einstein’s ∆E =∆mc2 , the world's most famous equation Part I Serious Mathematicalinconsistencies in the derivation of∆E =∆mc2
(i)Einstein did not derive ∆E =∆mc2but SPECULATED it without any mathematical derivation.Actually Einstein derivedLight Energy Mass Energy Equation as ∆L=∆mc2.Thus Einstein simply replaced L by E to get∆E =∆mc2.Thus derivation of ∆E =∆mc2is ARBITRARY and ILLOGICAL. ∆E =∆mc2( ∆L=∆mc2 ) is not derivable in all cases.
(ii) Einstein’s ∆E =∆mc2( ∆L=∆mc2)is NOT always derivable . Frequently, instead of ∆L=∆mc2, the result is Mb (mass before emission) = Ma (Mass after emission)NOT∆L=∆mc2 (iii) Also in some feasible conditions, the derivation is NOT APPLICABLE at all. Einstein’s derivation is under special conditions only
(iv) Arbitrary choice of values of parameters by Einstein in derivation.
(a) Einstein has considered two Light Waves but MANY WAVES are possible. Why many waves are neglected by Einstein?
(b) Einstein has considered the energies of TWO waves of EQUAL ENERGY i.e.0.5L and 0.5L. Why other magnitudes of energy i.e. 0.3L and 0.7L etc. are neglected?
(c)Einstein has considered two waves in opposite directions i.e. ɸ = 0 and ɸ =180
Why angles ɸ= 0.9999and ɸ=180 were not considered?
(d) Einstein has considered velocity in classical region (v<<c)
Why velocity in relativistic region was neglected? In brief Einstein’s derivation as given in Sep 1905 paper is INCOMPLETE and is under SUPER SPECIAL CONDITIONS and alternate derivation is required for such important phenomena.
Part II Generalized form of Mass Energy Equation ∆E =A c2∆m The equation ∆E =A c2∆mis derived by new and simple method. Here A is co-efficient of proportionality, its nature is like other coefficients of proportionality in the existing physics.
According to∆E =A c2∆m if A=1,∆E =∆mc2 if A>1∆E > ∆mc2 if A<1,∆E <∆mc2 Thus∆E =A c2∆mis general equation and ∆E =∆mc2is SPECIAL CASE. Neither Einstein nor any other scientist tried to confirm ∆E =∆mc2in case of CHEMICAL REACTIONS.
(i) In chemical reactions (burning of wood)are the most abundant reactions in world. The experiments regarding Large Hadron Collider would cost more than 8 Billion Euro, then why such experiments are not conducted.
(ii)∆E =∆mc2is not able to explain simultaneously the ‘universal equality of masses of nuclei’and Binding Energy of Deuteron. ∆E =A c2∆mcan do so (requires separate discussion). Earliest-earliest origin of universe or what was before Big Bang ?
The mass of universe is regarded as equal to 1055 kg. It would have come from energy, E = ∆mc2=1055 kg × 9×1016 m2/s2 = 9×1071 J. But from where energy 9×1071 J is created ?So one question gives rise to another question.This question is answered by∆E =A c2∆m
Big Bang took place from Primeval atom ( having atomic dimensions, exceptionally-2 hot). The ‘Primeval Atom ‘ was formed fromZEROANS ( particles of zero mass). Zeroans moved with infinitely large velocities, then changed to Primeval Pulse of energy having magnitude 10-100J or less. This energy changed to mass of universe 1055kg due additional conversion factor A. Such reactions aretermed as ‘Super Special Creation Reactions’ . Cause of Gravitation. ” creation of mass of universe and origin of gravitation are both simultaneous processes”.
Like other energies (heat, light, binding energy) the gravitation is other form of mass. As the mass is created, fraction of mass so created is converted to gravitational energy.
Some publications ( for complete list see below) Ajay Sharma's papers ( 2004-11) generalizing E=mc2 to DE = Ac2DM Ajay Sharma American Journal of Scientific Research, 12 67-121 (2010) Ajay Sharma, Proceedings of NPA, conference atUniversity of Connecticut, USA, Part II, pp.261-263, 2010 American Journal of Scientific Research http://www.eurojournals.com/ajsr_12_08.pdf
[1]Sharma, AEinstein’s E=mc2 GeneralizedRaider Publishing International (2007)New York , USA [2] Sharma, AAmerican Journal of Scientific Research , Vol. 12pp.67-112 (2010
[3] Sharma , A Proceedings ofthe 4th international conferenceof IMBIC, pp. 21 (2010). [4] Sharma, A Proceedings ofthe Natural Philosophy Alliance , Vol.6 No. 2pp. 261-263 (2011). [5] Sharma, A International Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology Vol. 3No 4pp. 370-77(2007) [6] Sharma, A.Galilean Electrodynamics, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp 99-100 (2007). [7] Sharma, A. Kurt Godel Society Collegium Logicum Volume IX pp. 67-71 (2007) [8] Sharma, AProgress in Physics,Vol. 3pp. 76-83(2008) [9] Sharma, A.Concepts of Physics, Vol. III, No. 4, pp.345–373 (2006), http://merlin.fic.uni.lodz.pl/concepts/2006_4/2006_4_351.pdf. [10] Sharma, A. Abstract Book: 38th European Group of Atomic Systems (Euro physics Conference), Isachia (Naples), Italy, p.53(2006) . [11]Sharma, A.Abstract Book: A Century After Einstein Physics 2005, (Organiser Institute of Physics, Bristol) University of Warwick, UK, 10–14 April. (2005) [12] Sharma, A. Presented in 19th International Conference on the Applications of Accelerators in Research and Industry, Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 20–25August. 2005 [13] Sharma, A. Abstract Book ,Oral presentation (lecture) on 21stSeptember 2005,in The 5th British Gravity Meeting , Oxford,England. [14] Sharma, A. Physics Essays, Vol. 17, pp.195–222(2004) [15] Sharma, A. Proc. Int. Conf. on Number, Time, Relativity, United Physical Society of Russian Federation, Moscow, p.81(2004) [16] Sharma, AActa Ciencia Indica Vol.XXIV P No. 4pp.153-158 (1998). [17] Sharma, Ato be published in Galilean Electrodynamics, Massachusetts in, USA [18] Sharma, A submitted for publication.
[19] Sharma, AActa Ciencia Indica Vol.XXVIP. No. 1pp.013-016 (1998). [20] Sharma, A International Conference on World Year of Physics, University of Rajasthan , Jaipurpp.14 (2005) [21]Sharma, A. III international Young Scientists Conference, Kyiv National University , Scientific workspp. 19 ( 2002). [22]Sharma, AJournal of Theoretics Vol.6-52004 [23]Sharma, AEinstein’s E=mc2 GeneralizedRaider Publishing International (2007)New York , USA [24]Sharma,AEinstein’sMass Energy Equation, Lambert Academic Publishers (2009) ,Saarbrucken , Germany [25]Sharma, A. Journal of Vectorial Relativity . JRV (4) 1-28 (2009) [26] Sharma, A.Concepts of Physics, Vol. V, No. 3, pp.553–558 (2006),
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